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متالوژی::
اتم های پس خورده اولیه
As a rule, it is suggested that under irradiation by high energy ions and neutrons, there is observed a partial energy transfer to the displaced atoms of crystalline lattice, which leads to the formation of primary knocked-out atoms (PKA).
At the PKA energy
Sometimes (depending on the PKA energy), the developed interface system can become an impenetrable barrier for a cascade development.
For a model system, presenting a combination of the special symmetric tilt boundaries of the Σ11 {131} type with the total number of copper atoms in the system about 160.000 (but the number of moving atoms is of *130,000), the authors have simulated situations for fifteen cascades with the PKA energy of 4 keV.
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